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SMART (Self-Monitoring, Analysis and Reporting Technology) is a monitoring system included in all computer hard drives and solid state drives.
SMART (Self-Monitoring, Analysis and Reporting Technology) is a monitoring system included in all computer hard drives and solid state drives.


== Usage ==
==Usage==
On Linux, install the {{code|smartmon-tools}} package. Use the {{code|smartctl}} utility.
On Linux, most distros package SMART as the <code>smartmontools</code> package. Two utilities come with this package:


=== Show Disk Information ===
*<code>smartctl</code>, which can be used to perform SMART related tasks such as starting tests and printing health status reports
*<code>smartd</code>, which monitors SMART and performs self-tests periodically. This may be configured to alert you when issues are detected.
 
===Show Disk Information===
To show all capabilities, monitored attributes, errors, etc. of a particular disk, run:
To show all capabilities, monitored attributes, errors, etc. of a particular disk, run:
{{highlight|lang=terminal|code=
{{highlight|lang=terminal|code=
Line 10: Line 13:
}}
}}


=== Run Self-Test ===
===Run Self-Test===
Use the {{code|--test=[offline|short|long]}} option to begin a self-test on the device. To abort a test, use the {{code|-X}} or {{code|--abort}} option.
Use the <code>--test=long</code> or the <code>--test=short</code> options to begin a self-test on the device. To abort a test, use the {{code|-X}} or {{code|--abort}} option. Test results will be listed under the self-test section in <code>smartctl -a</code> or <code>smartctl -l selftest</code>.
 
If a test failed on a bad sector, you may try to [[Hdparm#Fix a damaged sector by forcing reallocation|force a reallocation of that sector]].
 
It isn't a bad idea to schedule long self tests periodically (like once a month?).


== Troubleshooting ==
==Troubleshooting==
=== USB Support ===
===USB Support===
When working with hard drives connected via USB, you need to disable USB Attached SCSI (UAS).  Otherwise, {{code|smartctl}} will report:
When working with hard drives connected via USB, you need to disable USB Attached SCSI (UAS).  Otherwise, {{code|smartctl}} will report:
{{highlight|lang=terminal|code=
{{highlight|lang=terminal|code=
Line 24: Line 31:
}}
}}


To disable UAS for a specific USB device, find the USB device associated with the drive. Check {{code|dmesg}} or run {{code|lsusb}}. Unload the {{code|usb-storage}} kernel module and re-load it with a quirk parameter specifying which device to not enable UAS on.
Use one of three methods described in the [[How to disable USB Attached Storage (UAS)|How to disable USB Attached Storage]] page. Once UAS is disabled, {{code|1=smartctl}} should be able to report the SMART parameters. For some devices, you may need to also pass in a <code>-d</code> option to <code>smartctl</code>. Check the supported devices page. https://www.smartmontools.org/wiki/Supported_USB-Devices for more information.


{{highlight|lang=terminal|code=
See also: https://askubuntu.com/questions/637450/cannot-perform-smart-data-and-self-test-on-external-hard-drive
# lsusb
==Attributes==
Bus 002 Device 005: ID 0bc2:3343 Seagate RSS LLC
SMART attributes are listed as a table and looks similar to the following:


# rmmod usb-storage
{{Highlight
# modprobe usb-storage quirks=0bc2:3343:u
| code = ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME          FLAG    VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE      UPDATED  WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
  1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate    0x000b  100  100  016    Pre-fail  Always      -      0
  2 Throughput_Performance  0x0005  136  136  054    Pre-fail  Offline      -      80
  3 Spin_Up_Time            0x0007  158  158  024    Pre-fail  Always      -      279 (Average 512)
  4 Start_Stop_Count        0x0012  100  100  000    Old_age  Always      -      72
  5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct  0x0033  100  100  005    Pre-fail  Always      -       0
  7 Seek_Error_Rate        0x000b  100  100  067    Pre-fail  Always      -      0
  8 Seek_Time_Performance  0x0005  121  121  020    Pre-fail  Offline      -      34
  9 Power_On_Hours          0x0012  094  094  000    Old_age  Always      -      47400
10 Spin_Retry_Count        0x0013  100  100  060    Pre-fail  Always      -      0
12 Power_Cycle_Count      0x0032  100  100  000    Old_age  Always      -      69
192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0032  100  100  000    Old_age  Always      -      1168
193 Load_Cycle_Count        0x0012  100  100  000    Old_age  Always      -      1168
194 Temperature_Celsius    0x0002  181  181  000    Old_age  Always      -      33 (Min/Max 19/51)
196 Reallocated_Event_Count 0x0032  100  100  000    Old_age  Always      -      0
197 Current_Pending_Sector  0x0022  100  100  000    Old_age  Always      -      0
198 Offline_Uncorrectable  0x0008  100  100  000    Old_age  Offline      -      0
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count    0x000a  200  200  000    Old_age  Always      -       0
| lang = text
}}
}}


Re-attach the USB device again. This time, {{code|dmesg}} should say that a quirk was detected for this device:
The columns from left to right are:


{{highlight|lang=text|code=
#Attribute number (8 bit, or 1 through 255 or sometimes reported as 01 to FF).
[947347.271519] usb 2-3.2: New USB device found, idVendor=0bc2, idProduct=3343, bcdDevice= 1.00
#Attribute name
[947955.635329] usb-storage 2-3.2:1.0: Quirks match for vid 0bc2 pid 3343: 800000
#Attribute handling flag, which you may ignore
}}
#The current value of this attribute. The value is reported from a scale of either 100 (best) to 1 (worst), or 200 to 1. Note that 0, 254, and 255 are reserved values and 253 means the attribute value is not yet set (typically only seen on a new drive).
#The worst value is a watermark value of the worst recorded value.
#The threshold value is the lowest value before the attribute is considered failed. The severity of this attribute failing is determined by its next column, type.
#Type is either pre-fail or old age. A pre-fail attribute that is past the threshold is considered a critical failure and at risk of imminent failure. A old age attribute is related to normal aging and the attribute is for informational use only.
#Updated determines when the value is updated and is either Always or Offline. Always means the value is 'live'. Offline means the value is only updated during an offline test.
#When failed identifies when the attribute failed.
#Raw value is the raw value of the attribute, controlled by the manufacturer.


Re-run {{code|smartctl}}. It should be able to see the SMART parameters. For some devices, you may need to also pass in a -d option. Check the supported devices page. https://www.smartmontools.org/wiki/Supported_USB-Devices for more information.
===Notes on specific attributes===


To make this kernel module option persistent, create a file in {{code|/etc/modprobe.d}} with {{code|options usb-storage quirks=VendorId:ProductId:u}}.
;Reallocated_Sector_Ct (5)
:Disks automatically remap bad sectors to a pool of reserved sectors. This attribute is the number of sectors that have been reallocated. You should be wary of disks with a non-zero value.
;Current_Pending_Sector (197)
:The number of sectors that the disk had issues reading. The sector will be reallocated when either: 1. the sector can be read properly or 2. the sector is written over which may force a reallocation.
;Temperature_Celsius  (194)
:The temperature of the disk.
;Airflow_Temperature_Cel (190)
:The airflow temperature of the disk, though I can't find any information what this value actually represents. I have only ever seen this value mirror the value in Temperature_Celsius (194).
:Seagate drives may have this value report as failed in the past. If desired, you may have <code>smartd</code> ignore this attribute with <code>-I 190 -i 190</code>.
{{Highlight
| code = ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME          FLAG    VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE      UPDATED  WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
190 Airflow_Temperature_Cel 0x0022  073  040  040    Old_age  Always  In_the_past 27 (Min/Max 22/27)
| lang = text
}}


See also: https://askubuntu.com/questions/637450/cannot-perform-smart-data-and-self-test-on-external-hard-drive
;Raw_Read_Error_Rate  (1)
:An indicator of the current rate of errors when performing low level sector read operations. Error correction handled by the firmware of the drive will transparently correct any errors.
:Do not read the RAW_VALUE number. Most manufacturers report this value as 0. Seagate on the other hand will report this number which may be some large number. Instead, when reading this attribute, use the scaled VALUE metric.


== Attributes ==
==See Also==
Some attributes of note.


; Reallocated_Sector_Ct
*http://www.t13.org/Documents/UploadedDocuments/docs2008/D1699r6a-ATA8-ACS.pdf
: Disks automatically remap bad sectors to a pool of reserved sectors. This attribute is the number of sectors that have been reallocated.
; Current_Pending_Sector
: The number of sectors that the disk had issues reading. The sector will be reallocated when either: 1. the sector can be read properly or 2. the sector is written over.


== See Also ==
{{Navbox Linux}}
* http://www.t13.org/Documents/UploadedDocuments/docs2008/D1699r6a-ATA8-ACS.pdf
[[Category:Linux]]
[[Category:LinuxUtilities]]

Latest revision as of 00:06, 17 July 2021

SMART (Self-Monitoring, Analysis and Reporting Technology) is a monitoring system included in all computer hard drives and solid state drives.

Usage

On Linux, most distros package SMART as the smartmontools package. Two utilities come with this package:

  • smartctl, which can be used to perform SMART related tasks such as starting tests and printing health status reports
  • smartd, which monitors SMART and performs self-tests periodically. This may be configured to alert you when issues are detected.

Show Disk Information

To show all capabilities, monitored attributes, errors, etc. of a particular disk, run: 

# smartctl -a /dev/sda

Run Self-Test

Use the --test=long or the --test=short options to begin a self-test on the device. To abort a test, use the -X or --abort option. Test results will be listed under the self-test section in smartctl -a or smartctl -l selftest.

If a test failed on a bad sector, you may try to force a reallocation of that sector.

It isn't a bad idea to schedule long self tests periodically (like once a month?).

Troubleshooting

USB Support

When working with hard drives connected via USB, you need to disable USB Attached SCSI (UAS). Otherwise, smartctl will report: 

# smartctl -a /dev/sdb
smartctl 7.1 2019-12-30 r5022 [x86_64-linux-5.6.14-300.fc32.x86_64] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-19, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

Read Device Identity failed: scsi error unsupported field in scsi command

Use one of three methods described in the How to disable USB Attached Storage page. Once UAS is disabled, smartctl should be able to report the SMART parameters. For some devices, you may need to also pass in a -d option to smartctl. Check the supported devices page. https://www.smartmontools.org/wiki/Supported_USB-Devices for more information.

See also: https://askubuntu.com/questions/637450/cannot-perform-smart-data-and-self-test-on-external-hard-drive

Attributes

SMART attributes are listed as a table and looks similar to the following: 

ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME          FLAG     VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE      UPDATED  WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
  1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate     0x000b   100   100   016    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
  2 Throughput_Performance  0x0005   136   136   054    Pre-fail  Offline      -       80
  3 Spin_Up_Time            0x0007   158   158   024    Pre-fail  Always       -       279 (Average 512)
  4 Start_Stop_Count        0x0012   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       72
  5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct   0x0033   100   100   005    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
  7 Seek_Error_Rate         0x000b   100   100   067    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
  8 Seek_Time_Performance   0x0005   121   121   020    Pre-fail  Offline      -       34
  9 Power_On_Hours          0x0012   094   094   000    Old_age   Always       -       47400
 10 Spin_Retry_Count        0x0013   100   100   060    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
 12 Power_Cycle_Count       0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       69
192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       1168
193 Load_Cycle_Count        0x0012   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       1168
194 Temperature_Celsius     0x0002   181   181   000    Old_age   Always       -       33 (Min/Max 19/51)
196 Reallocated_Event_Count 0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
197 Current_Pending_Sector  0x0022   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
198 Offline_Uncorrectable   0x0008   100   100   000    Old_age   Offline      -       0
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count    0x000a   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       0

The columns from left to right are:

  1. Attribute number (8 bit, or 1 through 255 or sometimes reported as 01 to FF).
  2. Attribute name
  3. Attribute handling flag, which you may ignore
  4. The current value of this attribute. The value is reported from a scale of either 100 (best) to 1 (worst), or 200 to 1. Note that 0, 254, and 255 are reserved values and 253 means the attribute value is not yet set (typically only seen on a new drive).
  5. The worst value is a watermark value of the worst recorded value.
  6. The threshold value is the lowest value before the attribute is considered failed. The severity of this attribute failing is determined by its next column, type.
  7. Type is either pre-fail or old age. A pre-fail attribute that is past the threshold is considered a critical failure and at risk of imminent failure. A old age attribute is related to normal aging and the attribute is for informational use only.
  8. Updated determines when the value is updated and is either Always or Offline. Always means the value is 'live'. Offline means the value is only updated during an offline test.
  9. When failed identifies when the attribute failed.
  10. Raw value is the raw value of the attribute, controlled by the manufacturer.

Notes on specific attributes

Reallocated_Sector_Ct (5)
Disks automatically remap bad sectors to a pool of reserved sectors. This attribute is the number of sectors that have been reallocated. You should be wary of disks with a non-zero value.
Current_Pending_Sector (197)
The number of sectors that the disk had issues reading. The sector will be reallocated when either: 1. the sector can be read properly or 2. the sector is written over which may force a reallocation.
Temperature_Celsius (194)
The temperature of the disk.
Airflow_Temperature_Cel (190)
The airflow temperature of the disk, though I can't find any information what this value actually represents. I have only ever seen this value mirror the value in Temperature_Celsius (194).
Seagate drives may have this value report as failed in the past. If desired, you may have smartd ignore this attribute with -I 190 -i 190.
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME          FLAG     VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE      UPDATED  WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
190 Airflow_Temperature_Cel 0x0022   073   040   040    Old_age   Always   In_the_past 27 (Min/Max 22/27)
Raw_Read_Error_Rate (1)
An indicator of the current rate of errors when performing low level sector read operations. Error correction handled by the firmware of the drive will transparently correct any errors.
Do not read the RAW_VALUE number. Most manufacturers report this value as 0. Seagate on the other hand will report this number which may be some large number. Instead, when reading this attribute, use the scaled VALUE metric.

See Also

Various Linux Notes
Linux Tools and Utilites
Package Management
Linux Distributions
Networking
Containers