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| == Mounting ISO Image ==
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| === Linux ===
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| Mount:
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| mount -o loop -t iso9660 <isofile> <destination>
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| Unmount:
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| umount <destination>
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| === FreeBSD ===
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| Mount:
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| mdconfig -a -f <isofile> md0
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| mount -t cd9660 /dev/md0 <destination>
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| Unmount:
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| umount <destination>
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| mdconfig -d -u md0
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| == Adding IP Alias ==
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| === FreeBSD ===
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| Add an alias IP of 10.1.1.2. Alias IPs all have a netmask of 255.255.255.255.
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| ifconfig re0 10.1.1.2 netmask 255.255.255.255 alias
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| If you want the changes to be persistent, add the following to <code>/etc/rc.conf</code>
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| ifconfig_re0_alias0="10.1.1.2 netmask 255.255.255.255 alias"
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| == Set a Gateway (Traffic Forwarder) ==
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| === Linux ===
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| route add -net 10.10.2.0/24 dev INSIDE
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| echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
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| iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth2 (outside) -j MASQUERADE
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| iptables -A FORWARD -i eth1 -j ACCEPT
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| == Forward a Port to another host ==
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| === Linux ===
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| iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -j MASQUERADE
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| iptables -A FORWARD -m state -p tcp --dport 3389 --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
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| iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp -d 172.17.10.77 --dport 3389 -j DNAT --to 192.168.2.3:3389
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| sysctl net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
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| == Upgrading pkgconfig to pkg-config on FreeBSD ==
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| upgrade from pkgconf
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| portmaster -o devel/pkgconf devel/pkg-config
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| == Restarting Services ==
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| === Linux ===
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| Use any one of:
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| /etc/init.d/<service> restart
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| /etc/init.d/<service> stop && /etc/init.d/<service> start
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| service <service> restart
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| === FreeBSD ===
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| Usually, the startup scripts are located in <code>/etc/rc.d</code>
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| /etc/rc.d/<service> restart
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| However, if it is 3rd party software, they are located in <code>/usr/local/etc/rc.d</code>
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| /usr/local/etc/rc.d/<service> restart
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| If you are trying to restart NFS, you may do either:
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| /etc/rc.d/nsfd restart
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| kill -HUP `cat /var/run/mountd.pid`
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| === Solaris / SunOS ===
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| The startup scripts are located in <code>/lib/svc/method/<service></code>
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| /lib/svc/method/<service> restart
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| svcadm restart <service>
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| Example: To restart ssh, do any one of:
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| svcadm restart ssh
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| svcadm restart svc:/network/ssh
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| /lib/svc/method/sshd restart
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| == wget to console ==
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| Use the <code>-O -</code> option to output contents to the console.
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| wget -O - http://google.ca
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| == sed ==
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| === Simple search / replace ===
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| sed 's/<search>/<replace>/g'
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| === remove HTML tags ===
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| sed -e 's/<[^>]*>//g' <file>
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| == FreeBSD Ports == | | == FreeBSD Ports == |
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| pw groupmod groupname -m user4 | | pw groupmod groupname -m user4 |
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| == Disable SELinux ==
| | {{Navbox FreeBSD}}[[Category:FreeBSD]] |
| Temporary:
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| echo 0 > /selinux/enforce
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| Permanently:
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| vi /etc/selinux/config
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| # Change to SELINUX=disabled
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| == Pack & Unpack <code>initird.img</code> ==
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| Extracting initrd.img
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| mkdir initrd_test
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| cd initrd_test
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| gzip -dc < ../initrd.img | cpio -i
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| Packing initrd.img
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| cd initrd_test
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| find . | cpio -o -c | gzip -9 > ../initrd.img
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| == Create Driver Disk ==
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| # Create a blank, 20MB image
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| dd if=/dev/zero of=driverdisk.img bs=1M count=20
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|
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| # Format the image with ext2
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| mkfs -t ext2 -q driverdisk.img
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|
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| # mount it and copy the files over
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| mount -o loop driverdisk.img /mnt/driverdisk
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|
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| # copy drivers to /mnt/driverdisk, then run
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| umount /mnt/tmp
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| == List Installed Packages ==
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| rpm -qa
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| rpm -qi <package name>
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FreeBSD Ports
Recursively Configure Ports
make config-recursive
Ports Update / Upgrade
portsnap fetch
portsnap update
or if you are doing this the first time, run:
portsnap fetch
portsnap extract
You may also get the ports from svn:
svn co svn://svn.freebsd.org/base/releng/9.1 /usr/src
svn up /usr/src
Upgrade FreeBSD
# mv /usr/src /usr/src.old
# svn co svn://svn.freebsd.org/base/release/9.1.0 /usr/src
To build and install 9.1-RELEASE:
# mergemaster -p
# cd /usr/src
# make buildworld
# make buildkernel
# make installkernel
# reboot
# cd /usr/src
# make installworld
# mergemaster -iU
# reboot
User Management
FreeBSD
Create a new user with a home directory /home/username:
pw useradd -n username -s /bin/sh -m
Remove a user and their home directory:
pw userdel -n username -r
Create a new group
pw groupadd groupname
Show group
pw groupshow groupname
Set user to group
pw groupmod groupname -M username,user2,user3
Add user to group
pw groupmod groupname -m user4