IPA

From Leo's Notes
Revision as of 22:55, 23 May 2020 by Leo (talk | contribs) (→Vowels)
This page was last edited on 23 May 2020, at 22:55.

The IPA English help page on Wikipedia at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/English is a great resource on IPA pronunciation. he notes here is based off that but with notes targeted to how I speak.

Vowels

There are short and long vowels.

ɔː (*) is British pronunciation. north is 'n-awe-th' knawth. North American English pronounces this as /ɒ/. Eg. cot and caught. ɘ has no jaw drop. called a 'schwa'
Front Central Back
Close ɪ English ship, kit, mirror, edition

ɪː cheese, cheek

ʊ pull bull, foot, cook

ʊː mood food

Mid e wet pet ə ago, sofa

ɜː certain, bird, burn

ɔː born sword
Open æ cat, trap, tattoo, ambition

aː say 'ahh'

ʌ thumb up, curry, un-prefix ɒ body, lot, orange, neon

Some vowels are combined, called diphthongs or triphthongs.

eɪ a /beɪ/, bay. eɪər player
aɪ i /baɪ/, buy. pie. aɪər, hire, aɪ.ər, higher
ɔɪ a-oy /bɔɪ/, boy. ɔɪ.ər employer
əʊ eau /bəʊ/, beau
aʊ ow /baʊ/, bough, bow (verb). aʊər flour.
oʊ oh goat, mower

Some subtleties between British and North American pronunciations are given in the table below. 'r's before vowels are hard?

Word British North American
near /ˈnɪər/ ne-ar /'nʊər/ neer
cure /ˈkjʊər/ cue-er /'kjuːr/ queuer
square /ˈskwɛər/ /ˈskwiːr/
caught /'kɔːt/ /'kɒt'/


Consonants

IPA Eample
b buy, cab
d dye, cad, ladder
dj dew
dʒ giant, badge, joy
f fan, leaf
g guy, bag
h high, ahead
hw whine
j yes, hallelujah
k sky, crack
l lie, sly, gal
lj lute
m my, smile, cam
n nigh, snide, can
nj new
ŋ sang, sink, singer
p pie, spy, cap
r rye, try, very
s sigh, mass
sj consume
ʃ shy, cash, emotion
t tie, sty, cat, latter
tj tune
tʃ china, catch
ð thy, breathe, father
θ thigh, math
θj enthuse
v vine, leave
w wine, swine
z zoo, has
zj Zeus
ʒ pleasure, beige

Common Mistakes

Word IPA Incorrect and comment
mischievous /'mɪs tʃə vəs/ /'mɪs tʃe ve ʌs/ (mis-che-vi-ous) with an extra syllable.
triathlon /'traɪ'æθ lɒn/ /'traɪ'æθ a:lɒn/ (tri-ath-a-lon), with an extra syllable.
draught /'dræft/ /'drɔ:t/ or /'draʊt/ (drawt). augh here is like an 'af'.
worcestershire /'wʊstɘrʃɘr/ the first 'r' is dropped. 'shire' is like in New Hampshire and sounds like 'sure'.