IPA: Difference between revisions
From Leo's Notes
This page was last edited on 24 May 2020, at 00:51.
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|ɪr | |ɪr | ||
|ear | |ear | ||
| | |n'''ear''', b'''eer''', d'''eer''', h'''ere''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
|ɜr | |ɜr | ||
| | | | ||
| | |squ'''are''', c'''are''', f'''air''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |ɑr | ||
| | | | ||
| | |p'''ar'''t, l'''ar'''ge, m'''ar'''velous, he'''ar'''th | ||
|- | |||
|ɔr | |||
| | |||
|n'''or'''th, f'''or''', w'''ar''', h'''or'''se, sh'''or'''t, '''or'''chid, sw'''ar'''m | |||
|- | |||
|aɪr | |||
| | |||
|f'''ire''', sapph'''ire''', liar, buyer | |||
|- | |||
|aʊr | |||
| | |||
|t'''ower''', h'''our''', fl'''ower''', c'''ower''' | |||
|} | |} | ||
Some subtleties between British and North American pronunciations are given in the table below. 'r's before vowels are hard? | Some subtleties between British and North American pronunciations are given in the table below. 'r's before vowels are hard? | ||
| Line 162: | Line 174: | ||
|l | |l | ||
|lie, sly, gal | |lie, sly, gal | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 275: | Line 283: | ||
|/'wʊstɘrʃɘr/ | |/'wʊstɘrʃɘr/ | ||
|the first 'r' is dropped. 'shire' is like in New Hampshire and sounds like 'sure'. | |the first 'r' is dropped. 'shire' is like in New Hampshire and sounds like 'sure'. | ||
|- | |||
|hearth | |||
|/'hɑrθ/ | |||
|/'hɜrθ/ like 'h' + 'earth'. Should sound like the first half of harp. | |||
|} | |} | ||
== Accents == | ==Accents== | ||
British greets with "hello love" | British greets with "hello love" | ||
=== Received Pronunciation === | ===Received Pronunciation=== | ||
Sound like a rich posh English person on the BBC. | |||
* bath and path has an extra long 'a'. baah-th , paah-th. | *bath and path has an extra long 'a'. baah-th , paah-th. | ||
* -ile endings are pronounced unlike North American. Eg. missile, fertile. | *-ile endings are pronounced unlike North American. Eg. missile, fertile. | ||
* 'r' sounds become 'a' like sounds | *'r' sounds become 'a' like sounds; must be separated if not, and smoothed if it cannot be separated (-ire, -our) | ||
** ɪr becomes ɪə. beer, bee-ah. sincere, sincere-ah | **ɪr becomes ɪə. beer, bee-ah. sincere, sincere-ah | ||
** ɜr becomes ɜə. care, caye-ah, fair, faye-ah. | **ɜr becomes ɜə. care, caye-ah, fair, faye-ah. | ||
** ɑr becomes ɑː (super long a). part, paah-t. | **ɑr becomes ɑː (super long a). part, paah-t. | ||
**ɒr needs to be separated. Awe: Orange (Or-range, awe-range). porridge (pour-ridge, pawe-ridge). or All: Dorothy (dor-rithy, dall-rithy), historical (his-tor-rical, his-tall-rical). | |||
=== Cockney / Estuary === | ===Cockney / Estuary=== | ||
* th becomes f. three, free. | *th becomes f. three, free. | ||
* 'l' becomes aw or w. milk, mil-ale-k. mail mawl..sdjf | *'l' becomes aw or w. milk, mil-ale-k. mail mawl..sdjf | ||
* 'h' gets dropped. harry, 'arry. have, 'ave. | *'h' gets dropped. harry, 'arry. have, 'ave. | ||
* t is a glottal stop. computer, compu'er. | *t is a glottal stop. computer, compu'er. | ||
* wales is 'wows'. | *wales is 'wows'. | ||
=== Midland / Northern === | ===Midland / Northern=== | ||
* cup of tea. cup becomes kuh-p . | *cup of tea. cup becomes kuh-p . | ||
* mug muh-g. | *mug muh-g. | ||
* up, uh-p | *up, uh-p | ||
* love, luuv | *love, luuv | ||
=== Scottish === | ===Scottish=== | ||
http://jackytappet.tripod.com/scots.htm | http://jackytappet.tripod.com/scots.htm | ||
<br /> | <br /> | ||
Revision as of 00:51, 24 May 2020
The IPA English help page on Wikipedia at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/English is a great resource on IPA pronunciation. he notes here is based off that but with notes targeted to how I speak.
Vowels
There are short and long vowels.
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | ɪ English ship, kit, mirror, edition
ɪː cheese, cheek |
ʊ pull bull, foot, cook
ʊː mood food |
|
| Mid
Central vowels |
e wet pet | ə ago, sofa
ɜː certain, bird, burn |
ɔː born sword paw |
| Open | æ cat, trap, tattoo, ambition
aː say 'ahh' |
ʌ thumb up, curry, un-prefix | ɒ body, lot, orange, neon |
Some vowels are combined, called diphthongs or triphthongs.
| eɪ | a | /beɪ/, bay. eɪər player |
| ea | hair | |
| aɪ | i | /baɪ/, buy. pie. aɪər, hire, aɪ.ər, higher |
| ɔɪ | a-oy | /bɔɪ/, boy. ɔɪ.ər employer
helps with more of an O sound at the beginning. |
| əʊ | eau | /bəʊ/, beau,
like oʊ but from farther back |
| aʊ | ow | /baʊ/, bough, bow (verb). aʊər flour. mouth |
| oʊ | oh | goat, mower, home |
| juː | you | you |
| ɪr | ear | near, beer, deer, here |
| ɜr | square, care, fair | |
| ɑr | part, large, marvelous, hearth | |
| ɔr | north, for, war, horse, short, orchid, swarm | |
| aɪr | fire, sapphire, liar, buyer | |
| aʊr | tower, hour, flower, cower |
Some subtleties between British and North American pronunciations are given in the table below. 'r's before vowels are hard?
| Word | British | North American |
|---|---|---|
| near | /ˈnɪər/ ne-ar | /'nʊər/ neer |
| cure | /ˈkjʊər/ cue-er | /'kjuːr/ queuer |
| square | /ˈskwɛər/ | /ˈskwiːr/ |
| caught | /'kɔːt/ | /'kɒt'/ |
Consonants
| IPA | Eample | |
|---|---|---|
| b | buy, cab | |
| d | dye, cad, ladder | |
| dj | dew | |
| dʒ | giant, badge, joy | |
| f | fan, leaf | |
| g | guy, bag | |
| h | high, ahead | |
| hw | whine | |
| j | yes, hallelujah | |
| k | sky, crack | |
| l | lie, sly, gal | |
| lj | lute | |
| m | my, smile, cam | |
| n | nigh, snide, can | |
| nj | new | |
| ŋ | sang, sink, singer | |
| p | pie, spy, cap | |
| r | rye, try, very | |
| s | sigh, mass | |
| sj | consume | |
| ʃ | shy, cash, emotion | |
| t | tie, sty, cat, latter | |
| tj | tune | |
| tʃ | china, catch, chair | |
| ð | thy, breathe, father
ð is the voiced version of θ |
|
| θ | thigh, math | |
| θj | enthuse | |
| v | vine, leave | |
| w | wine, swine | |
| z | zoo, has | |
| zj | Zeus | |
| ʒ | pleasure, beige |
Common Mistakes
| Word | IPA | Incorrect and comment |
|---|---|---|
| mischievous | /'mɪs tʃə vəs/ | /'mɪs tʃe ve ʌs/ (mis-che-vi-ous) with an extra syllable. |
| triathlon | /'traɪ'æθ lɒn/ | /'traɪ'æθ a:lɒn/ (tri-ath-a-lon), with an extra syllable. |
| draught | /'dræft/ | /'drɔ:t/ or /'draʊt/ (drawt). augh here is like an 'af'. |
| worcestershire | /'wʊstɘrʃɘr/ | the first 'r' is dropped. 'shire' is like in New Hampshire and sounds like 'sure'. |
| hearth | /'hɑrθ/ | /'hɜrθ/ like 'h' + 'earth'. Should sound like the first half of harp. |
Accents
British greets with "hello love"
Received Pronunciation
Sound like a rich posh English person on the BBC.
- bath and path has an extra long 'a'. baah-th , paah-th.
- -ile endings are pronounced unlike North American. Eg. missile, fertile.
- 'r' sounds become 'a' like sounds; must be separated if not, and smoothed if it cannot be separated (-ire, -our)
- ɪr becomes ɪə. beer, bee-ah. sincere, sincere-ah
- ɜr becomes ɜə. care, caye-ah, fair, faye-ah.
- ɑr becomes ɑː (super long a). part, paah-t.
- ɒr needs to be separated. Awe: Orange (Or-range, awe-range). porridge (pour-ridge, pawe-ridge). or All: Dorothy (dor-rithy, dall-rithy), historical (his-tor-rical, his-tall-rical).
Cockney / Estuary
- th becomes f. three, free.
- 'l' becomes aw or w. milk, mil-ale-k. mail mawl..sdjf
- 'h' gets dropped. harry, 'arry. have, 'ave.
- t is a glottal stop. computer, compu'er.
- wales is 'wows'.
Midland / Northern
- cup of tea. cup becomes kuh-p .
- mug muh-g.
- up, uh-p
- love, luuv