IPA: Difference between revisions
From Leo's Notes
This page was last edited on 23 May 2020, at 22:55.
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ɔː (*) is British pronunciation. north is 'n-awe-th' knawth | ɔː (*) is British pronunciation. north is 'n-awe-th' knawth. North American English pronounces this as /ɒ/. Eg. cot and caught. | ||
! | |||
ɘ has no jaw drop. called a 'schwa' | |||
! | |||
!Front | !Front | ||
!Central | !Central | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|Close | |Close | ||
|ɪ k'''i'''t, m'''i'''rror, '''e'''dition | |ɪ Engl'''i'''sh sh'''i'''p, k'''i'''t, m'''i'''rror, '''e'''dition | ||
|ʊ f'''oo'''t, c'''oo'''k | ɪː ch'''ee'''se, ch'''ee'''k | ||
|ʊ p'''u'''ll b'''u'''ll, f'''oo'''t, c'''oo'''k | |||
ʊː m'''oo'''d f'''oo'''d | |||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Mid | |Mid | ||
|e | |e w'''e'''t p'''e'''t | ||
|ə '''a'''go, sof'''a''' | |ə '''a'''go, sof'''a''' | ||
ɜː c'''er'''tain, b'''ir'''d, b'''ur'''n | |||
|ɔː b'''or'''n sw'''or'''d | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|Open | |Open | ||
| | |æ c'''a'''t, tr'''a'''p, t'''a'''ttoo, '''a'''mbition | ||
aː say ''''ahh'''<nowiki/>' | |||
|ʌ th'''u'''mb '''u'''p, c'''u'''rry, '''u'''n-prefix | |||
| | |ɒ b'''o'''dy, l'''o'''t, '''o'''range, ne'''o'''n | ||
|}Some vowels are combined, called diphthongs or triphthongs. | |||
Some vowels are combined, called diphthongs or triphthongs. | |||
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== Common Mistakes == | ==Common Mistakes== | ||
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!Word | !Word | ||
!IPA | !IPA | ||
!Incorrect | !Incorrect and comment | ||
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|mischievous | |mischievous | ||
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|/'traɪ'æθ a:lɒn/ (tri-ath-a-lon), with an extra syllable. | |/'traɪ'æθ a:lɒn/ (tri-ath-a-lon), with an extra syllable. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |draught | ||
| | |/'dræft/ | ||
| | |/'drɔ:t/ or /'draʊt/ (drawt). augh here is like an 'af'. | ||
|- | |||
|worcestershire | |||
|/'wʊstɘrʃɘr/ | |||
|the first 'r' is dropped. 'shire' is like in New Hampshire and sounds like 'sure'. | |||
|} | |} | ||
Revision as of 22:55, 23 May 2020
The IPA English help page on Wikipedia at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/English is a great resource on IPA pronunciation. he notes here is based off that but with notes targeted to how I speak.
Vowels
There are short and long vowels.
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | ɪ English ship, kit, mirror, edition
ɪː cheese, cheek |
ʊ pull bull, foot, cook
ʊː mood food |
|
| Mid | e wet pet | ə ago, sofa
ɜː certain, bird, burn |
ɔː born sword |
| Open | æ cat, trap, tattoo, ambition
aː say 'ahh' |
ʌ thumb up, curry, un-prefix | ɒ body, lot, orange, neon |
Some vowels are combined, called diphthongs or triphthongs.
| eɪ | a | /beɪ/, bay. eɪər player |
| aɪ | i | /baɪ/, buy. pie. aɪər, hire, aɪ.ər, higher |
| ɔɪ | a-oy | /bɔɪ/, boy. ɔɪ.ər employer |
| əʊ | eau | /bəʊ/, beau |
| aʊ | ow | /baʊ/, bough, bow (verb). aʊər flour. |
| oʊ | oh | goat, mower |
Some subtleties between British and North American pronunciations are given in the table below. 'r's before vowels are hard?
| Word | British | North American |
|---|---|---|
| near | /ˈnɪər/ ne-ar | /'nʊər/ neer |
| cure | /ˈkjʊər/ cue-er | /'kjuːr/ queuer |
| square | /ˈskwɛər/ | /ˈskwiːr/ |
| caught | /'kɔːt/ | /'kɒt'/ |
Consonants
| IPA | Eample | |
|---|---|---|
| b | buy, cab | |
| d | dye, cad, ladder | |
| dj | dew | |
| dʒ | giant, badge, joy | |
| f | fan, leaf | |
| g | guy, bag | |
| h | high, ahead | |
| hw | whine | |
| j | yes, hallelujah | |
| k | sky, crack | |
| l | lie, sly, gal | |
| lj | lute | |
| m | my, smile, cam | |
| n | nigh, snide, can | |
| nj | new | |
| ŋ | sang, sink, singer | |
| p | pie, spy, cap | |
| r | rye, try, very | |
| s | sigh, mass | |
| sj | consume | |
| ʃ | shy, cash, emotion | |
| t | tie, sty, cat, latter | |
| tj | tune | |
| tʃ | china, catch | |
| ð | thy, breathe, father | |
| θ | thigh, math | |
| θj | enthuse | |
| v | vine, leave | |
| w | wine, swine | |
| z | zoo, has | |
| zj | Zeus | |
| ʒ | pleasure, beige |
Common Mistakes
| Word | IPA | Incorrect and comment |
|---|---|---|
| mischievous | /'mɪs tʃə vəs/ | /'mɪs tʃe ve ʌs/ (mis-che-vi-ous) with an extra syllable. |
| triathlon | /'traɪ'æθ lɒn/ | /'traɪ'æθ a:lɒn/ (tri-ath-a-lon), with an extra syllable. |
| draught | /'dræft/ | /'drɔ:t/ or /'draʊt/ (drawt). augh here is like an 'af'. |
| worcestershire | /'wʊstɘrʃɘr/ | the first 'r' is dropped. 'shire' is like in New Hampshire and sounds like 'sure'. |