IPA: Difference between revisions

From Leo's Notes
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The IPA English help page on Wikipedia at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/English is a great resource on IPA pronunciation. he notes here is based off that but with notes targeted to how I speak.
The IPA English help page on Wikipedia at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/English is a great resource on IPA pronunciation. he notes here is based off that but with notes targeted to how I speak.
If you want to practice IPA, use a transcription service to convert normal text into IPA such as https://tophonetics.com/


==Vowels==
==Vowels==
There are short and long vowels.
Vowels with words as I would say them.
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+
|+
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|-
|-
|Close
|Close
|ɪ Engl'''i'''sh sh'''i'''p, k'''i'''t, m'''i'''rror, '''e'''dition
|i l'''e'''ast, th'''e'''
ɪ Engl'''i'''sh sh'''i'''p, k'''i'''t, m'''i'''rror, '''e'''dition
ɪː ch'''ee'''se, ch'''ee'''k
ɪː ch'''ee'''se, ch'''ee'''k
|ʊ p'''u'''ll b'''u'''ll, f'''oo'''t, c'''oo'''k
|ʊ p'''u'''ll b'''u'''ll, f'''oo'''t, c'''oo'''k
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Central vowels
Central vowels
|e w'''e'''t p'''e'''t
|e w'''e'''t p'''e'''t
ɛ b'''e'''d, '''ai'''r
|ə '''a'''go, sof'''a'''
|ə '''a'''go, sof'''a'''
ɜː c'''er'''tain, b'''ir'''d, b'''ur'''n
ɜː c'''er'''tain, b'''ir'''d, b'''ur'''n
|ɔː b'''or'''n sw'''or'''d p'''aw'''
|ʌ th'''u'''mb '''u'''p, c'''u'''rry, '''u'''n-prefix
ɔː b'''or'''n sw'''or'''d p'''aw''', (rounded of ʌ)
|-
|-
|Open
|Open
|æ  c'''a'''t, tr'''a'''p, t'''a'''ttoo, '''a'''mbition
|æ  c'''a'''t, tr'''a'''p, t'''a'''ttoo, '''a'''mbition
aː say ''''ahh'''<nowiki/>'
aː h'''a'''t
|ʌ th'''u'''mb '''u'''p, c'''u'''rry, '''u'''n-prefix
|
|ɒ b'''o'''dy, l'''o'''t, '''o'''range, ne'''o'''n
|ɒ b'''o'''dy, l'''o'''t, '''o'''range, ne'''o'''n
ɑ h'''o'''t, m'''o'''del (rounded version of ɒ)
|}Some vowels are combined, called diphthongs or triphthongs.
|}Some vowels are combined, called diphthongs or triphthongs.
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
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|
|
|t'''ower''', h'''our''', fl'''ower''', c'''ower'''
|t'''ower''', h'''our''', fl'''ower''', c'''ower'''
|-
|ɔːr
|
|w'''ar'''
|}
|}
Some subtleties between British and North American pronunciations are given in the table below. 'r's before vowels are hard?
Some subtleties between British and North American pronunciations are given in the table below. 'r's before vowels are hard?
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|-
|-
|v
|v
|vine, leave
|'''v'''ine /vaɪn/, lea'''v'''e, o'''f''' /ʌv/
|
|
|-
|-

Revision as of 03:20, 24 May 2020

The IPA English help page on Wikipedia at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/English is a great resource on IPA pronunciation. he notes here is based off that but with notes targeted to how I speak.

If you want to practice IPA, use a transcription service to convert normal text into IPA such as https://tophonetics.com/

Vowels

Vowels with words as I would say them.

ɔː (*) is British pronunciation. north is 'n-awe-th' knawth. North American English pronounces this as /ɒ/. Eg. cot and caught. ɘ has no jaw drop. called a 'schwa'
Front Central Back
Close i least, the

ɪ English ship, kit, mirror, edition ɪː cheese, cheek

ʊ pull bull, foot, cook

ʊː mood food

Mid

Central vowels

e wet pet

ɛ bed, air

ə ago, sofa

ɜː certain, bird, burn

ʌ thumb up, curry, un-prefix

ɔː born sword paw, (rounded of ʌ)

Open æ cat, trap, tattoo, ambition

aː hat

ɒ body, lot, orange, neon

ɑ hot, model (rounded version of ɒ)

Some vowels are combined, called diphthongs or triphthongs.

eɪ a /beɪ/, bay. eɪər player
ea hair
aɪ i /baɪ/, buy. pie. aɪər, hire, aɪ.ər, higher
ɔɪ a-oy /bɔɪ/, boy. ɔɪ.ər employer

helps with more of an O sound at the beginning.

əʊ eau /bəʊ/, beau,

like oʊ but from farther back

aʊ ow /baʊ/, bough, bow (verb). aʊər flour. mouth
oʊ oh goat, mower, home
juː you you
ɪr ear near, beer, deer, here
ɜr square, care, fair
ɑr part, large, marvelous, hearth
ɔr north, for, war, horse, short, orchid, swarm
aɪr fire, sapphire, liar, buyer
aʊr tower, hour, flower, cower
ɔːr war

Some subtleties between British and North American pronunciations are given in the table below. 'r's before vowels are hard?

Word British North American
near /ˈnɪər/ ne-ar /'nʊər/ neer
cure /ˈkjʊər/ cue-er /'kjuːr/ queuer
square /ˈskwɛər/ /ˈskwiːr/
caught /'kɔːt/ /'kɒt'/


Consonants

IPA Eample
b buy, cab
d dye, cad, ladder
dj dew
dʒ giant, badge, joy
f fan, leaf
g guy, bag
h high, ahead
hw whine
j yes, hallelujah
k sky, crack
l lie, sly, gal
lj lute
m my, smile, cam
n nigh, snide, can
nj new
ŋ sang, sink, singer
p pie, spy, cap
r rye, try, very
s sigh, mass
sj consume
ʃ shy, cash, emotion
t tie, sty, cat, latter
tj tune
tʃ china, catch, chair
ð thy, breathe, father

ð is the voiced version of θ

θ thigh, math
θj enthuse
v vine /vaɪn/, leave, of /ʌv/
w wine, swine
z zoo, has
zj Zeus
ʒ pleasure, beige


Common Mistakes

Word IPA Incorrect and comment
mischievous /'mɪs tʃə vəs/ /'mɪs tʃe ve ʌs/ (mis-che-vi-ous) with an extra syllable.
triathlon /'traɪ'æθ lɒn/ /'traɪ'æθ a:lɒn/ (tri-ath-a-lon), with an extra syllable.
draught /'dræft/ /'drɔ:t/ or /'draʊt/ (drawt). augh here is like an 'af'.
worcestershire /'wʊstɘrʃɘr/ the first 'r' is dropped. 'shire' is like in New Hampshire and sounds like 'sure'.
hearth /'hɑrθ/ /'hɜrθ/ like 'h' + 'earth'. Should sound like the first half of harp.

Accents

British greets with "hello love"

Received Pronunciation

Sound like a rich posh English person on the BBC.

  • bath and path has an extra long 'a'. baah-th , paah-th.
  • -ile endings are pronounced unlike North American. Eg. missile, fertile.
  • 'r' sounds become 'a' like sounds; must be separated if not, and smoothed if it cannot be separated (-ire, -our)
    • ɪr becomes ɪə. beer, bee-ah. sincere, sincere-ah
    • ɜr becomes ɜə. care, caye-ah, fair, faye-ah.
    • ɑr becomes ɑː (super long a). part, paah-t.
    • ɒr needs to be separated. Awe: Orange (Or-range, awe-range). porridge (pour-ridge, pawe-ridge). or All: Dorothy (dor-rithy, dall-rithy), historical (his-tor-rical, his-tall-rical).

Cockney / Estuary

  • th becomes f. three, free.
  • 'l' becomes aw or w. milk, mil-ale-k. mail mawl..sdjf
  • 'h' gets dropped. harry, 'arry. have, 'ave.
  • t is a glottal stop. computer, compu'er.
  • wales is 'wows'.

Midland / Northern

  • cup of tea. cup becomes kuh-p .
  • mug muh-g.
  • up, uh-p
  • love, luuv

Scottish

http://jackytappet.tripod.com/scots.htm