IPA: Difference between revisions
From Leo's Notes
This page was last edited on 23 May 2020, at 23:12.
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|- | |- | ||
|Mid | |Mid | ||
Central vowels | |||
|e w'''e'''t p'''e'''t | |e w'''e'''t p'''e'''t | ||
|ə '''a'''go, sof'''a''' | |ə '''a'''go, sof'''a''' | ||
ɜː c'''er'''tain, b'''ir'''d, b'''ur'''n | ɜː c'''er'''tain, b'''ir'''d, b'''ur'''n | ||
|ɔː b'''or'''n sw'''or'''d | |ɔː b'''or'''n sw'''or'''d p'''aw''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Open | |Open | ||
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|a | |a | ||
|/beɪ/, bay. eɪər pl'''ayer''' | |/beɪ/, bay. eɪər pl'''ayer''' | ||
|- | |||
|ea | |||
| | |||
|hair | |||
|- | |- | ||
|aɪ | |aɪ | ||
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|aʊ | |aʊ | ||
|ow | |ow | ||
|/baʊ/, bough, bow (verb). aʊər flour. | |/baʊ/, bough, bow (verb). aʊər flour. mouth | ||
|- | |- | ||
|oʊ | |oʊ | ||
|oh | |oh | ||
|g'''oa'''t, m'''o'''wer | |g'''oa'''t, m'''o'''wer | ||
|- | |||
|juː | |||
|you | |||
|y'''ou''' | |||
|} | |} | ||
Some subtleties between British and North American pronunciations are given in the table below. 'r's before vowels are hard? | Some subtleties between British and North American pronunciations are given in the table below. 'r's before vowels are hard? | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|tʃ | |tʃ | ||
|china, catch | |china, catch, chair | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
|ð | |ð | ||
|thy, breathe, father | |thy, breathe, father | ||
ð is the voiced version of θ | |||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
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|pleasure, beige | |pleasure, beige | ||
| | | | ||
|} | |}<br /> | ||
==Common Mistakes== | ==Common Mistakes== | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
Revision as of 23:12, 23 May 2020
The IPA English help page on Wikipedia at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/English is a great resource on IPA pronunciation. he notes here is based off that but with notes targeted to how I speak.
Vowels
There are short and long vowels.
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | ɪ English ship, kit, mirror, edition
ɪː cheese, cheek |
ʊ pull bull, foot, cook
ʊː mood food |
|
| Mid
Central vowels |
e wet pet | ə ago, sofa
ɜː certain, bird, burn |
ɔː born sword paw |
| Open | æ cat, trap, tattoo, ambition
aː say 'ahh' |
ʌ thumb up, curry, un-prefix | ɒ body, lot, orange, neon |
Some vowels are combined, called diphthongs or triphthongs.
| eɪ | a | /beɪ/, bay. eɪər player |
| ea | hair | |
| aɪ | i | /baɪ/, buy. pie. aɪər, hire, aɪ.ər, higher |
| ɔɪ | a-oy | /bɔɪ/, boy. ɔɪ.ər employer |
| əʊ | eau | /bəʊ/, beau |
| aʊ | ow | /baʊ/, bough, bow (verb). aʊər flour. mouth |
| oʊ | oh | goat, mower |
| juː | you | you |
Some subtleties between British and North American pronunciations are given in the table below. 'r's before vowels are hard?
| Word | British | North American |
|---|---|---|
| near | /ˈnɪər/ ne-ar | /'nʊər/ neer |
| cure | /ˈkjʊər/ cue-er | /'kjuːr/ queuer |
| square | /ˈskwɛər/ | /ˈskwiːr/ |
| caught | /'kɔːt/ | /'kɒt'/ |
Consonants
| IPA | Eample | |
|---|---|---|
| b | buy, cab | |
| d | dye, cad, ladder | |
| dj | dew | |
| dʒ | giant, badge, joy | |
| f | fan, leaf | |
| g | guy, bag | |
| h | high, ahead | |
| hw | whine | |
| j | yes, hallelujah | |
| k | sky, crack | |
| l | lie, sly, gal | |
| lj | lute | |
| m | my, smile, cam | |
| n | nigh, snide, can | |
| nj | new | |
| ŋ | sang, sink, singer | |
| p | pie, spy, cap | |
| r | rye, try, very | |
| s | sigh, mass | |
| sj | consume | |
| ʃ | shy, cash, emotion | |
| t | tie, sty, cat, latter | |
| tj | tune | |
| tʃ | china, catch, chair | |
| ð | thy, breathe, father
ð is the voiced version of θ |
|
| θ | thigh, math | |
| θj | enthuse | |
| v | vine, leave | |
| w | wine, swine | |
| z | zoo, has | |
| zj | Zeus | |
| ʒ | pleasure, beige |
Common Mistakes
| Word | IPA | Incorrect and comment |
|---|---|---|
| mischievous | /'mɪs tʃə vəs/ | /'mɪs tʃe ve ʌs/ (mis-che-vi-ous) with an extra syllable. |
| triathlon | /'traɪ'æθ lɒn/ | /'traɪ'æθ a:lɒn/ (tri-ath-a-lon), with an extra syllable. |
| draught | /'dræft/ | /'drɔ:t/ or /'draʊt/ (drawt). augh here is like an 'af'. |
| worcestershire | /'wʊstɘrʃɘr/ | the first 'r' is dropped. 'shire' is like in New Hampshire and sounds like 'sure'. |