FreeBSD Cheat Sheet

Mounting ISO Image

Linux

Mount:

mount -o loop -t iso9660 <isofile> <destination>

Unmount:

umount <destination>

FreeBSD

Mount:

mdconfig -a -f <isofile> md0
mount -t cd9660 /dev/md0 <destination>

Unmount:

umount <destination>
mdconfig -d -u md0

Adding IP Alias

FreeBSD

Add an alias IP of 10.1.1.2. Alias IPs all have a netmask of 255.255.255.255.

ifconfig re0 10.1.1.2 netmask 255.255.255.255 alias

If you want the changes to be persistent, add the following to /etc/rc.conf

ifconfig_re0_alias0="10.1.1.2 netmask 255.255.255.255 alias"

Set a Gateway (Traffic Forwarder)

Linux

route add -net 10.10.2.0/24 dev INSIDE
echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth2 (outside) -j MASQUERADE
iptables -A FORWARD -i eth1 -j ACCEPT

Upgrading pkgconfig to pkg-config on FreeBSD

upgrade from pkgconf
portmaster -o devel/pkgconf devel/pkg-config

Restarting Services

Linux

Use any one of:

/etc/init.d/<service> restart
/etc/init.d/<service> stop && /etc/init.d/<service> start
service <service> restart

FreeBSD

Usually, the startup scripts are located in /etc/rc.d

/etc/rc.d/<service> restart

However, if it is 3rd party software, they are located in /usr/local/etc/rc.d

/usr/local/etc/rc.d/<service> restart

If you are trying to restart NFS, you may do either:

/etc/rc.d/nsfd restart
kill -HUP `cat /var/run/mountd.pid`

Solaris / SunOS

The startup scripts are located in /lib/svc/method/<service>

/lib/svc/method/<service> restart
svcadm restart <service>

Example: To restart ssh, do any one of:

svcadm restart ssh
svcadm restart svc:/network/ssh
/lib/svc/method/sshd restart

wget to console

Use the -O - option to output contents to the console.

wget -O - http://google.ca

sed

Simple search / replace

sed 's/<search>/<replace>/g'

remove HTML tags

sed -e 's/<[^>]*>//g' <file>

FreeBSD Ports

Recursively Configure Ports

make config-recursive

Ports Update / Upgrade

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User Management

FreeBSD

Create a new user with a home directory /home/username:

pw useradd -n username -s /bin/sh -m

Remove a user and their home directory:

pw userdel -n username -r

Create a new group

pw groupadd groupname

Show group

pw groupshow groupname

Set user to group

pw groupmod groupname -M username,user2,user3

Add user to group

pw groupmod groupname -m user4

Disable SELinux

Temporary:

echo 0 > /selinux/enforce

Permanently:

vi /etc/selinux/config
# Change to SELINUX=disabled

Pack & Unpack initird.img

Extracting initrd.img

mkdir initrd_test
cd initrd_test
gzip -dc < ../initrd.img | cpio -i

Packing initrd.img

cd initrd_test
find . | cpio -o -c | gzip -9 > ../initrd.img

Create Driver Disk

# Create a blank, 20MB image
dd if=/dev/zero of=driverdisk.img bs=1M count=20

# Format the image with ext2
mkfs -t ext2 -q driverdisk.img

# mount it and copy the files over
mount -o loop driverdisk.img /mnt/driverdisk

# copy drivers to /mnt/driverdisk, then run
umount /mnt/tmp