German - Revision history

Leo: Added categories and navbox

2021-12-30T01:05:26Z

Added categories and navbox

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:05, 30 December 2021
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	*http://www.dartmouth.edu/~deutsch/Grammatik/Subjunctive/KonjunktivII.html		*http://www.dartmouth.edu/~deutsch/Grammatik/Subjunctive/KonjunktivII.html
			{{Navbox Language}}
			[[Category:Language]]

Leo: /* Cases */

2020-12-29T20:32:42Z

Cases

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:32, 29 December 2020
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	#'''Dative''' - Shows the indirect object of a verb. Used after some prepositions when referring to location/position.		#'''Dative''' - Shows the indirect object of a verb. Used after some prepositions when referring to location/position.

			The declensions are listed below.
	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
	!Case		!Case
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	\|der		\|der
	ein		ein

			dieser
	\|die		\|die
	eine		eine

			diese
	\|das		\|das
	ein		ein

			dieses
	\|die		\|die
	eine		eine

			diese
	\|-		\|-
	\|Accusative		\|Accusative
	\|'''den'''		\|'''den'''
	'''einen'''		'''einen'''

			diesen
	\|die		\|die
	eine		eine

			diese
	\|das		\|das
	ein		ein

			dieses
	\|die		\|die
	eine		eine

			diese
	\|-		\|-
	\|Genitive		\|Genitive
	\|'''des +s'''		\|'''des +s'''
	'''eines +s'''		'''eines +s'''

			dieses
	\|'''der'''		\|'''der'''
	'''einer'''		'''einer'''

			dieser
	\|'''des +s'''		\|'''des +s'''
	'''eines +s'''		'''eines +s'''

			dieses
	\|der		\|der
	einer		einer

			dieser
	\|-		\|-
	\|Dative		\|Dative
	\|'''dem'''		\|'''dem'''
	'''einem'''		'''einem'''

			diesem
	\|der		\|der
	einer		einer

			dieser
	\|'''dem'''		\|'''dem'''
	'''einem'''		'''einem'''

			diesem
	\|'''den'''		\|'''den'''
	'''einen'''		'''einen'''

			diesen
	\|}		\|}

Leo: /* Others */

2020-11-25T20:44:47Z

Others

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:44, 25 November 2020
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	\|to dissapear		\|to dissapear
	\|in einem chinesischen gefangenenlager zu verschwinden; dissappaer into a Chinese prison camp		\|in einem chinesischen gefangenenlager zu verschwinden; dissappaer into a Chinese prison camp
			\|-
			\|gar
			\|even
			\|mürbeteig merke ich gar nicht; i didn't even notice the crust
	\|-		\|-
	\|sogar		\|sogar

Leo: /* Passive */

2020-11-17T07:13:29Z

Passive

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:13, 17 November 2020
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	===Passive===		===Passive===
	An active ~~void~~ "''I am writing it''." becomes passive by swapping the subject with the direct object: "''It is written by me.''". Similarly, with German "''Ich schribe es.''" becomes "''Es wird von mir geschriben.''" Use the preposition ''von'' + ''subject in dative''. as you would with English 'by ...'.		there are 3 ways,

			An active voice "''I am writing it''." becomes passive by swapping the subject with the direct object: "''It is written by me.''". Similarly, with German "''Ich schribe es.''" becomes "''Es wird von mir geschriben.''" Use the preposition ''von'' + ''subject in dative''. as you would with English 'by ...'.

			use the man pronoun

			use sich lassen

	==Word Order==		==Word Order==

Leo: /* Subjunctive II */

2020-11-16T07:40:54Z

Subjunctive II

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:40, 16 November 2020
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	\|-		\|-
	\|Past		\|Past
	\|''If I had worn something warmer, I wouldn't have been sick.''		\|Constructed '''with''' werden + main verb:
			''If I had worn something warmer, I wouldn't have been sick.''

	Both clauses here are in the '''pluperfect (past) subjunctive''' (Ich hätte angezogen, ''Ich wäre ... geworden'').		Both clauses here are in the '''pluperfect (past) subjunctive''' (Ich hätte angezogen, ''Ich wäre ... geworden'').

	''Wenn ich mich wärmer '''~~angezogen~~''' '''~~hätte~~''', '''wäre~~'''~~ ich ~~nicht krank '''geworden'''~~.''		''Wenn ich mich wärmer <u>angezogen hätte</u>, <u>wäre</u> ich nicht krank <u>geworden</u>.''


			A sentence '''without''' the 'werden + main verb' construction also works. Hypothetical (''Das war ein dummel Einfall):''

			''Das <u>wäre</u> ein dummer Einfall, dachte ich mir. That would be a stupid idea, I thought to myself.''

			<br />
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-
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	''Wenn ich viele Geld hätte, würde ich armutes Kinder helfen.''		''Wenn ich viele Geld hätte, würde ich armutes Kinder helfen.''


			Replace ''werden'' with ''können: (wir <s>würden</s> könnten sparen)''

			''Wir <u>könnten</u> uns die Ausgaben <u>sparen</u>, wenn wir den Kuchen selber machen würden. We could save ourselves the expense if we made the cake ourselves.''
	\|''If I had lots of money, I <u>would have helped</u> needy kids.''		\|''If I had lots of money, I <u>would have helped</u> needy kids.''

Leo: /* Subjunctive II */

2020-11-16T07:22:08Z

Subjunctive II

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:22, 16 November 2020
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	Most commonly, this mode is formed with the conjugated form of '''werden + main verb'''. This forms the "I/you/we/etc. ''would do-something...''" clause. Other common verbs used in Subjunctive II are also given in the table below. However, you can form a Subjunctive II clause with any verb but it might sound odd or awkward when spoken out.		Most commonly, this mode is formed with the conjugated form of '''werden + main verb'''. This forms the "I/you/we/etc. ''would do-something...''" clause. Other common verbs used in Subjunctive II are also given in the table below. However, you can form a Subjunctive II clause with any verb but it might sound odd or awkward when spoken out.
	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
	! colspan="8" \|Conjugations in Subjunctive II		! colspan="9" \|Conjugations in Subjunctive II
	\|-		\|-
	\|I would...		\|I would...
			\|I would be...
	\|I would have...		\|I would have...
	\|I would like...		\|I would like...
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	\|-		\|-
	\|werden		\|werden
			\|sein
	\|haben		\|haben
	\|mögen		\|mögen
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	''Sie/sie '''würden'''''		''Sie/sie '''würden'''''
			\|''ich '''wäre'''''
			''du '''wärest'''''

			''er/sie/es '''wäre'''''

			''wir '''wären'''''

			''ihr '''wäret'''''

			''Sie/sie '''wären'''''
	\|''ich '''hätte'''''		\|''ich '''hätte'''''
	''du '''hättest'''''		''du '''hättest'''''
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	An active void "''I am writing it''." becomes passive by swapping the subject with the direct object: "''It is written by me.''". Similarly, with German "''Ich schribe es.''" becomes "''Es wird von mir geschriben.''" Use the preposition ''von'' + ''subject in dative''. as you would with English 'by ...'.		An active void "''I am writing it''." becomes passive by swapping the subject with the direct object: "''It is written by me.''". Similarly, with German "''Ich schribe es.''" becomes "''Es wird von mir geschriben.''" Use the preposition ''von'' + ''subject in dative''. as you would with English 'by ...'.

	== Word Order ==		==Word Order==
	''(Der vom deutschen Biotechnologieunternehmen Biontech und dem US-Pharmakonzern Pfizer entwickelte <u>Impfstoff</u>) '''ist''' einer der Hoffnungsträger im Kampf gegen die Pandemie.''		''(Der vom deutschen Biotechnologieunternehmen Biontech und dem US-Pharmakonzern Pfizer entwickelte <u>Impfstoff</u>) '''ist''' einer der Hoffnungsträger im Kampf gegen die Pandemie.''

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	Depending on the preposition, the case will change.		Depending on the preposition, the case will change.
	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
	!style="width: 25%"\|Accusative		! style="width: 25%" \|Accusative
	!style="width: 25%"\|Accusative or Dative		! style="width: 25%" \|Accusative or Dative
	!style="width: 25%"\|Dative		! style="width: 25%" \|Dative
	!style="width: 25%"\|Genitive		! style="width: 25%" \|Genitive
	\|-		\|-
	\|bis		\|bis

Leo: /* Preposition */

2020-11-16T06:38:09Z

Preposition

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:38, 16 November 2020
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	Depending on the preposition, the case will change.		Depending on the preposition, the case will change.
	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
	!Accusative		!style="width: 25%"\|Accusative
	!Accusative or Dative		!style="width: 25%"\|Accusative or Dative
	!Dative		!style="width: 25%"\|Dative
	!Genitive		!style="width: 25%"\|Genitive
	\|-		\|-
	\|bis		\|bis

Leo: /* Subjunctive I */

2020-11-16T06:37:37Z

Subjunctive I

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:37, 16 November 2020
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	===Subjunctive I===		===Subjunctive I===
	Also called: The Quotative. Present Subjunctive. Special Subjunctive. This mode is used to convey something that might not be factual. Used to paraphrase or indirectly quote someone. It is used in technical writing, instructions (such as directions or ~~receipies~~), or to express prepositions (like God save the Queen, Long live the King).		Also called: The Quotative. Present Subjunctive. Special Subjunctive. This mode is used to convey something that might not be factual. Used to paraphrase or indirectly quote someone. It is used in technical writing, instructions (such as directions or recipes), or to express prepositions (like God save the Queen, Long live the King).

	This mode is usually in third person singular (''er habe, sie sei, er komme, sie wisse''). Verbs that typically end with -t but doesn't is a clue that the sentence is in this mode.		This mode is usually in third person singular of the subjunctive conjugation of the verb (Eg: ''er habe, sie sei, er komme, sie wisse''). Verbs that typically end with -t but doesn't is a clue that the sentence is in this mode.

	~~''Der Nachbar sagte, die Dame lebe schon länger im Dorf.''~~

	Subjunctive I can be written in 4 different tenses:		Subjunctive I can be written in 4 different tenses:
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	\|-		\|-
	\|Present		\|Present
	\|''Er sagte, er <u>habe</u> kein <u>Interesse</u>. (''He said he isn’t interested.)		\|To say ''Er ist ein ehrlicher Mensch.'' in quotes, you could write:
			''Er sagte, er <u>sei</u>'' ''ein ehrlicher Mensch.''

			''Er sagte, er <u>habe</u> kein <u>Interesse</u>. (''He said he isn’t interested.)
	''Er sagte,'' er <u>wolle</u> uns <u>helfen</u>, aber er könne es heute nicht tun.		''Er sagte,'' er <u>wolle</u> uns <u>helfen</u>, aber er könne es heute nicht tun.
	\|N/A		\|N/A
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	''Er sagte, er <u>werde</u> bis dann alles <u>gelesen haben</u>.'' He said he would have read it by then.		''Er sagte, er <u>werde</u> bis dann alles <u>gelesen haben</u>.'' He said he would have read it by then.
	\|}		\|}
	Subjunctive I can be entered with:		'''Example:'''

			Er sei aber optimistisch, dass dies gelingen könnte He is however optimistic that it could succeed.

			Notice here that the first clause is Subjunctive I simple past. Second is Subjunctive II (könnte + main verb gelingen).

			''Der Nachbar sagte, die Dame <u>lebe</u> schon länger im Dorf.''


			Subjunctive I can be entered immediately or introduced with:

	* Er sagte, He said		*Er sagte, He said
	* Ausnahmslos solle, Without exception.		*Ausnahmslos solle, Without exception.

	===Subjunctive II===		===Subjunctive II===
	Conveys something that {W,C,S}ould happen, or to help soften requests. In essence, it adds an element of doubt on something that has not happened yet.		Conveys something that {W,C,S}ould happen, or to help soften requests. In essence, it adds an element of doubt on something that has not happened yet.

	Most commonly, this mode is formed with the conjugated form of werden + main verb. This forms the "I/you/we/etc. ''would do-something...''" clause. Other common verbs used in Subjunctive II are also given in the table below. However, you can form a Subjunctive II clause with any verb but it might sound odd or awkward when spoken out.		Most commonly, this mode is formed with the conjugated form of '''werden + main verb'''. This forms the "I/you/we/etc. ''would do-something...''" clause. Other common verbs used in Subjunctive II are also given in the table below. However, you can form a Subjunctive II clause with any verb but it might sound odd or awkward when spoken out.
	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
	! colspan="8" \|Conjugations in Subjunctive II		! colspan="8" \|Conjugations in Subjunctive II
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	An active void "''I am writing it''." becomes passive by swapping the subject with the direct object: "''It is written by me.''". Similarly, with German "''Ich schribe es.''" becomes "''Es wird von mir geschriben.''" Use the preposition ''von'' + ''subject in dative''. as you would with English 'by ...'.		An active void "''I am writing it''." becomes passive by swapping the subject with the direct object: "''It is written by me.''". Similarly, with German "''Ich schribe es.''" becomes "''Es wird von mir geschriben.''" Use the preposition ''von'' + ''subject in dative''. as you would with English 'by ...'.

			== Word Order ==
			''(Der vom deutschen Biotechnologieunternehmen Biontech und dem US-Pharmakonzern Pfizer entwickelte <u>Impfstoff</u>) '''ist''' einer der Hoffnungsträger im Kampf gegen die Pandemie.''

			The subject can have its description expanded with ''vom''. The vaccine, developed by (description), is the hope in the fight against the pandemic. The verb still remains the second 'item' in this sentence.
			<br />
	==Vocabulary==		==Vocabulary==
	Vocabulary is easier to pick up if you write it out.		Vocabulary is easier to pick up if you write it out.

Leo: /* Subjunctive II */

2020-11-16T06:08:26Z

Subjunctive II

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:08, 16 November 2020
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	\|-		\|-
	\|Present		\|Present
	\|''Er sagte, er ~~'''~~habe~~'''~~ kein Interesse. (''He said he isn’t interested.)		\|''Er sagte, er <u>habe</u> kein <u>Interesse</u>. (''He said he isn’t interested.)
	''Er sagte,'' er ~~'''~~wolle~~'''~~ uns helfen, aber er könne es heute nicht tun.		''Er sagte,'' er <u>wolle</u> uns <u>helfen</u>, aber er könne es heute nicht tun.
	\|N/A		\|N/A
	\|-		\|-
	\|Past		\|Past
	\|''Er sagte, er ~~'''~~sei~~'''~~ nicht gegangen.'' (He said he didn’t go.)		\|''Er sagte, er <u>sei</u> nicht <u>gegangen</u>.'' (He said he didn’t go.)

	''Er sagte, er ~~'''~~habe~~'''~~ nicht gewusst, dass er seinen Hut vergessen habe.''		''Er sagte, er <u>habe</u> nicht <u>gewusst</u>, dass er seinen Hut vergessen habe.''
	\|N/A		\|N/A
	\|-		\|-
	\|Future		\|Future
	\|''Er sagte, er ~~'''~~werde~~'''~~ es morgen machen''. (He said, he will do it tomorrow.)		\|''Er sagte, er <u>werde</u> es morgen <u>machen</u>''. (He said, he will do it tomorrow.)

	''Er sagte, er ~~'''~~werde~~'''~~ in Zukunft mehr arbeiten.'' He said he would work more in the future		''Er sagte, er <u>werde</u> in Zukunft mehr <u>arbeiten</u>.'' He said he would work more in the future
	\|''Er sagte, er ~~'''~~werde~~'''~~ sich vor Montag entschuldigt haben''. (He said he will have apologized before Monday.)		\|''Er sagte, er <u>werde</u> sich vor Montag <u>entschuldigt haben</u>''. (He said he will have apologized before Monday.)

	''Er sagte, er ~~'''~~werde~~'''~~ bis dann alles gelesen haben.'' He said he would have read it by then.		''Er sagte, er <u>werde</u> bis dann alles <u>gelesen haben</u>.'' He said he would have read it by then.
	\|}		\|}
			Subjunctive I can be entered with:

			* Er sagte, He said
			* Ausnahmslos solle, Without exception.

	===Subjunctive II===		===Subjunctive II===
	Conveys something that {W,C,S}ould happen, or to help soften requests. In essence, it adds an element of doubt on something that has not happened yet.		Conveys something that {W,C,S}ould happen, or to help soften requests. In essence, it adds an element of doubt on something that has not happened yet.
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	''Besuche bei kranken Menschen <u>sollten</u> nur <u>gemacht werden</u>, wenn du keine Krankheit hättest.''		''Besuche bei kranken Menschen <u>sollten</u> nur <u>gemacht werden</u>, wenn du keine Krankheit hättest.''

	''<u>~~Visits~~</u> ~~to sick people~~ <u>~~should~~</u> ~~only be~~ <u>made</u> when you don't have sickness (lit.).''		''Visits to sick people <u>should</u> only <u>be</u> <u>made</u> when you don't have sickness (lit.).''

			To halve something: (sie werden halbiert <s>haben</s> sollen) they should be halved. Replace ''haben'' with another auxiliary verb.

			''Ausnahmslos solle, die Gruppengrößen halbiert werden sollen.''

			''Without exception, the group sizes should be halved.''

			''Ausnahmslos solle, die Gruppengrößen halbiert werden müssen.''

			''Without exception, the group sizes must be halved.''
	\|}		\|}

Leo: /* Subjunctive II */

2020-11-16T05:46:13Z

Subjunctive II

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:46, 16 November 2020
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	''Ich <u>habe</u> mit ihm <u>gesprochen</u>. I <u>have talked</u> to him.''		''Ich <u>habe</u> mit ihm <u>gesprochen</u>. I <u>have talked</u> to him.''

	''Gestern <u>hat</u> es <u>geregnet</u>. It (lit. <u>has</u>) <u>rained</u> yesterday.''		''Gestern <u>hat</u> es <u>geregnet</u>. It (lit. <u>has</u>) <u>rained</u> yesterday.''
	\|-		\|-
	\|Past		\|Past
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	''Ich <u>sprach</u> mit ihm. I <u>talked</u> to him.''		''Ich <u>sprach</u> mit ihm. I <u>talked</u> to him.''

	''Ich <u>spielte</u> mit euch. I <u>played</u> with them.''		''Ich <u>spielte</u> mit euch. I <u>played</u> with them.''
	\|Known also as: '''past perfect''', '''pluperfect''' (Plusquamperfekt). Describes events that precede another point in the past.		\|Known also as: '''past perfect''', '''pluperfect''' (Plusquamperfekt). Describes events that precede another point in the past.

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	''Wenn ich viele Geld hätte, würde ich armutes Kinder helfen.''		''Wenn ich viele Geld hätte, würde ich armutes Kinder helfen.''
	\|''If I had lots of money, I would have helped needy kids.''		\|''If I had lots of money, I <u>would have helped</u> needy kids.''

	Like the other one, but with past perfect. Using '''Future II + Subjunctive II''' (''ich würde geholfen haben'')		Like the other one, but with past perfect. Using '''Future II + Subjunctive II''' (''ich würde geholfen haben'')

	''Wenn ich viele Geld hätte,'' würde ich armutes Kinder geholfen haben.		''Wenn ich viele Geld hätte,'' <u>würde</u> ich armutes Kinder <u>geholfen haben</u>.

			It doesn't always have to be ''werden''. You can also use some other auxiliary verbs, like ''sollen''. Just make sure it conjugates with the subject. (''werden'' here conjuagates with ''Menschen'').

			''Besuche bei kranken Menschen <u>sollten</u> nur <u>gemacht werden</u>, wenn du keine Krankheit hättest.''

			''<u>Visits</u> to sick people <u>should</u> only be <u>made</u> when you don't have sickness (lit.).''
	\|}		\|}