Elevator - Revision history

Leo: /* Basic Considerations */

2013-06-15T18:35:16Z

Basic Considerations

Leo at 17:49, 15 June 2013

2013-06-15T17:49:42Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:49, 15 June 2013
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	Hydraulic elevators operate at a top speed of 200fpm		Hydraulic elevators operate at a top speed of 200fpm



			== Basic Considerations ==

			Light traffic occurs when the number of people riding or requiring elevator service at one time does not exceed the number of elevators in the group. Traffic is light, for example, if there are four cars in a group and no more than four calls, either car or landing, are expected to be registered at one time.
			Moderate traffic occurs when the number of people riding or seeking elevator service at a given time is such that the available elevators in a group must be shared by more than one person, and the average loading is not expected to fill any elevator beyond 50% of its capacity.
			Heavy traffic occurs when the demands on the elevator system are such that the available capacity must be equalized among many passengers, and priority of service may have to be given to passengers riding in one direction over those seeking to travel in the opposite direction.
			<ref>Vertical Transportation Handbook. pg. 167</ref>

			Incoming Traffic. Light incoming traffic periods require at least one elevator parked
			at the loading lobby to receive passengers. Operation should be to respond to the
			highest required call and immediately return to the lobby if no other elevator is at
			the lobby to receive passengers.
			Moderate incoming traffic periods require that all the elevators should be at the loading
			lobby or returning to the lobby to receive passengers. The elevator travels to the highest
			required call and returns immediately to the lobby. More than one elevator should be
			able to be loaded at the same time, and any filled car should be dispatched.
			Heavy incoming traffic periods require all the aforementioned operations plus a system
			to give priority to lobby traffic during designated periods of working days. Service to
			upper-floor up and down landing calls can be temporarily denied if no car is available
			at the lobby for loading.



			Two-way Traffic. Light two-way traffic periods require the elevators to be available
			throughout the building, either at rest or in motion, so that a car is either at or
			traveling toward the next expected call. One approach is to station elevators at
			various zones of the floors served and to operate them as individual units during
			periods of minimum demand.
			Moderate two-way traffic periods require operation of all elevators in a predeter-
			mined regulated manner to minimize the waiting time for landing calls and to provide
			concentrated elevator service in the direction of heaviest traffic.
			Heavy two-way traffic periods require that, in addition to the predetermined operation
			to minimize landing call waiting time, priority operations for longer waits and for poten-
			tially long-wait calls should be instituted. Means should be provided to move elevators
			from areas of light demand into areas of heavy directional demand. For intense situations
			a system that bypasses some calls to deploy elevators to floors with potential long-wait
			landing time should be employed.
			Interfloor traffic operations include all the actions required for two-way traffic with
			the elevators concentrating on floors of heaviest demand. Trips to terminal floors should
			be restricted unless definite demands are registered for travel to those floors.


			Outgoing Traffic. Light outgoing traffic periods should reduce time spent by any
			elevator at the unloading terminal. This is true for any outgoing situation. Elevators
			should return up into the building to serve down demand with travel no higher than
			necessary.
			Moderate outgoing traffic periods require elevators to minimize time spent at the
			unloading landing, and bypass landing calls if the elevators are filled up to or beyond a
			predetermined loading.
			Heavy outgoing traffic periods require all of the foregoing plus a system to restrict
			service to up landing calls if down landing calls are being bypassed during a predeter-
			mined time each day. In addition, some means should be provided to divide the available
			elevator service to minimize the possibility of lower floors being bypassed by cars filling
			at upper floors. Priority should be given to outgoing traffic limited to a predesignated
			time at the end of a working day. A system to automatically restrict up landing call
			service when passengers only wishing to go down operate both up and down landing
			calls is often required.
			Nighttime and Traffic Lulls (Off-Peak). With any Group Automatic operating system,
			it should be decided how the elevators will be stationed during nighttime and
			periods of traffic lulls, which can occur at any time during the day. As previously
			mentioned, this may be done by parking the elevators in zones or at other strategic
			locations.




			The Otis Elevator Company used the zone parking approach to provide the starting point
			for the operation of elevators during various traffic patterns. Both Otis and Westinghouse,
			now Schindler, as well as most manufacturers, use load-sensing devices in the cars and
			landing call button information to change the operation of the elevator group during
			certain distinct traffic patterns. For example, an absence of substantial landing call demand
			and filled elevators leaving the lobby are definite indications of incoming traffic activity.
			Conversely, a heavy down landing call demand and filled cars traveling in the down
			direction indicate heavy outgoing traffic.
			Continued down traffic, with elevators bypassing down landing calls and down landing
			calls waiting beyond a predetermined time, was a signal that Westinghouse used to
			cause elevators to travel directly, without intermediate stopping, to down landing zones
			(predesignated zones consisting of two or three floors) with down landing call or calls
			exceeding a predetermined time. Otis formerly employed a similar strategy of distributing
			the elevators among the various zones or concentrating service in the zone with the
			heaviest demand.



			Initiating the proper operations of the elevators at the proper time is a task that must
			be accomplished automatically. In earlier systems an attendant was required to change
			the mode of operation, or program, as it was known. Too often the system was set for
			one operation and not changed, so that when it was time to go home, the passengers
			had to fight elevators that had been left on “up-peak” operation. Modern systems should
			be completely responsive to the traffic situation. Sophisticated systems that utilize pro-
			grammable microprocessors to determine where elevators can be directed to best serve
			the prevailing traffic are available and offer immeasurable opportunity.
			(pg 171)

Leo at 07:49, 19 May 2013

2013-05-19T07:49:35Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:49, 19 May 2013
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	# For a 300ft/m elevator to move 15 ft, it will take 6.4 seconds.		# For a 300ft/m elevator to move 15 ft, it will take 6.4 seconds.
	# For 400ft/m elevator to move 150 ft		# For 400ft/m elevator to move 150 ft, it will take 25.0 seconds.
	#* The first 30 ft takes 7.0 seconds		#* The first 30 ft takes 7.0 seconds
	#* The remaining 120 ft takes 18 seconds, calculated by: 120ft / 1.5 seconds/10ft = 18 seconds		#* The remaining 120 ft takes 18 seconds, calculated by: 120ft / 1.5 seconds/10ft = 18 seconds

Leo: /* Acceleration and Velocity */

2013-05-19T07:48:48Z

Acceleration and Velocity

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:48, 19 May 2013
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	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
	! Height (ft)		! Speed (ft/m) vs. Height (ft)
	! 9		! 9
	! 10		! 10
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	\| 0.6		\| 0.6
	\|}		\|}

			Examples:

			# For a 300ft/m elevator to move 15 ft, it will take 6.4 seconds.
			# For 400ft/m elevator to move 150 ft
			#* The first 30 ft takes 7.0 seconds
			#* The remaining 120 ft takes 18 seconds, calculated by: 120ft / 1.5 seconds/10ft = 18 seconds


	Hydraulic elevators operate at a top speed of 200fpm		Hydraulic elevators operate at a top speed of 200fpm

Leo at 19:47, 4 December 2012

2012-12-04T19:47:49Z

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	\| 0.6		\| 0.6
	\|}		\|}


			Hydraulic elevators operate at a top speed of 200fpm

Leo: /* Acceleration and Velocity */

2012-12-04T19:47:00Z

Acceleration and Velocity

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:47, 4 December 2012
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	== Acceleration and Velocity ==		== Acceleration and Velocity ==

	The total amount of time it takes for a car to start, move, and stop a given amount of distance at different elevator speeds can be generalized from the table below.		The total amount of time it takes for a traction elevator car to start, move, and stop a given amount of distance at different elevator speeds can be generalized from the table below.

	A typical elevator accelerates at <3.5fps for <= 400fps, and >4.5fps for > 500fpm.		A typical traction elevator accelerates at <3.5fps for <= 400fps, and >4.5fps for > 500fpm.

	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"

Leo at 19:40, 4 December 2012

2012-12-04T19:40:59Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:40, 4 December 2012
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			== Acceleration and Velocity ==

			The total amount of time it takes for a car to start, move, and stop a given amount of distance at different elevator speeds can be generalized from the table below.

			A typical elevator accelerates at <3.5fps for <= 400fps, and >4.5fps for > 500fpm.

	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"

Leo at 19:34, 4 December 2012

2012-12-04T19:34:56Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:34, 4 December 2012
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	{\|		{\| class="wikitable"
	! Height (ft)		! Height (ft)
	\| 9		! 9
	\| 10		! 10
	\| 11		! 11
	\| 12		! 12
	\| 13		! 13
	\| 14		! 14
	\| 15		! 15
	\| 20		! 20
	\| 30		! 30
	\| 10ft+		! 10ft+
	\|-		\|-

	! 100ft/m		! 100ft/m
	\| 7.6		\| 7.6

Leo: Created page with " {| ! Height (ft) | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 20 | 30 | 10ft+ |- ! 100ft/m | 7.6 | 8.2 | 8.8 | 9.4 | 10.0 | 10.6 | 11.2 | 14.2 | 20.2 | 6.0 |- ! 150ft/m | 6.7 | 7...."

2012-12-04T19:34:18Z

Created page with " {| ! Height (ft) | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 20 | 30 | 10ft+ |- ! 100ft/m | 7.6 | 8.2 | 8.8 | 9.4 | 10.0 | 10.6 | 11.2 | 14.2 | 20.2 | 6.0 |- ! 150ft/m | 6.7 | 7...."

New page

{|
! Height (ft)
| 9
| 10
| 11
| 12
| 13
| 14
| 15
| 20
| 30
| 10ft+
|-

! 100ft/m
| 7.6
| 8.2
| 8.8
| 9.4
| 10.0
| 10.6
| 11.2
| 14.2
| 20.2
| 6.0
|-

! 150ft/m
| 6.7
| 7.1
| 7.5
| 7.9
| 8.3
| 8.7
| 9.1
| 11.1
| 15.1
| 4.0
|-

! 200ft/m
| 5.8
| 6.1
| 6.4
| 6.7
| 7.0
| 7.3
| 7.6
| 9.1
| 12.1
| 3.0
|-

! 300ft/m
| 5.2
| 5.4
| 5.6
| 5.8
| 6.0
| 6.2
| 6.4
| 7.4
| 9.4
| 2.0
|-

! 400ft/m
| 4.8
| 5.0
| 5.1
| 5.2
| 5.4
| 5.6
| 5.7
| 6.5
| 7.0
| 1.5
|-

! 500ft/m
|
|
| 4.3
| 4.4
| 4.5
| 4.6
| 4.7
| 5.2
| 6.4
| 1.2
|-

! 700ft/m
|
|
| 4.3
| 4.4
| 4.5
| 4.6
| 4.7
| 5.2
| 6.1
| 0.86
|-

! 1000ft/m
|
|
| 4.3
| 4.4
| 4.5
| 4.6
| 4.7
| 5.2
| 5.8
| 0.6
|}